Overbite Correction: Options and Procedures

An overbite is a common orthodontic condition where the upper front teeth significantly overlap the lower front teeth when the mouth is closed. While a slight overbite is normal, a pronounced one—often referred to as a deep bite—can lead to functional problems, aesthetic concerns, and long-term oral health issues. This article explains what causes overbite, how it is diagnosed, and the most common and effective correction methods used in modern dentistry and orthodontics.

What Causes an Overbite?

Overbite may result from a variety of factors, including:

• Genetics: Inherited jaw and tooth structure irregularities are the most common cause.

• Thumb sucking or pacifier use: These habits, especially beyond age 3–4, can push the upper teeth forward.

• Tongue thrusting: Abnormal tongue position during swallowing or speaking may contribute to overbite.

• Tooth loss or crowding: Missing or misaligned teeth can affect bite alignment.

• Jaw growth discrepancies: Uneven growth between the upper and lower jaws may create a misaligned bite.

Why Correct an Overbite?

Leaving a severe overbite untreated can lead to:

• Jaw pain or temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders

• Excessive wear on teeth

• Difficulty chewing or speaking

• Gum irritation or recession

• Aesthetic concerns, such as a protruding upper lip or receded chin

Diagnosis

A dental professional can diagnose overbite through:

• Visual examination

• Dental X-rays

• Impressions or 3D scans of the teeth

• Cephalometric analysis, which evaluates jaw and tooth position

These assessments help determine whether the overbite is dental (caused by teeth) or skeletal (caused by jaw alignment), which influences treatment decisions.

Treatment Options

1. Braces

Traditional metal braces or ceramic braces are the most common solutions for overbite correction. They gradually shift the teeth into proper alignment using brackets, wires, and elastic bands.

• Duration: 1–3 years, depending on the severity

• Pros: Effective for both dental and skeletal overbites

• Cons: Visibility and discomfort

2. Clear Aligners (e.g., Invisalign®)

Clear aligners are a popular option for mild to moderate overbites. Customized trays are worn over the teeth and changed every 1–2 weeks to gradually shift teeth.

• Pros: Removable, nearly invisible

• Cons: Less effective for severe or skeletal overbites

3. Orthodontic Appliances

For children and teens whose jaws are still growing, devices such as headgear, palatal expanders, or Herbst appliances can help guide proper jaw development.

• Pros: Can prevent the need for surgery later

• Cons: Often uncomfortable and require high patient compliance

4. Tooth Extraction

In cases of overcrowding, dentists may recommend removing one or more teeth to create space and allow teeth to shift back into alignment.

• Used with: Braces or aligners

• Only for: Specific dental overbite cases

5. Jaw Surgery (Orthognathic Surgery)

In adults with skeletal overbites that cannot be corrected with braces alone, orthognathic surgery may be required. The procedure involves repositioning the jaws to correct alignment.

• Performed by: Oral and maxillofacial surgeons

• Recovery: Several weeks to months

• Often combined with: Orthodontic treatment before and after surgery

Post-Treatment and Maintenance

After correction, patients typically wear retainers to keep teeth in their new positions. Long-term follow-up is necessary to prevent relapse. Good oral hygiene, regular dental check-ups, and avoiding harmful habits (like nail biting or chewing pens) are crucial for maintaining results.

Pediatric vs. Adult Overbite Correction

• Children: Easier to treat due to jaw flexibility and growth potential. Early orthodontic evaluation (around age 7) is recommended.

• Adults: Treatment may take longer and might involve surgery in severe skeletal cases.

Conclusion

Overbite correction is highly individualized and depends on the patient’s age, severity of the overbite, and underlying causes. Today’s dental technology provides a wide range of effective treatments, from traditional braces to advanced surgical procedures. Consulting with an orthodontist or dental specialist is the first step toward improved oral function, aesthetics, and long-term dental health.